Step Two of The Perfect Workout: Just Move It

After  you have read “The Perfect Workout,” you will have a basic understanding of the eight steps, in the right order, to use as the backbone of your workout.    Step One  (discussed here) of your workout,  involves rolling out soft tissue knots and tight areas with the foam roller, or a small ball (or pair of balls).

Now it is time to move on to Step Two, which is all about improving mobility.  Mobility is becoming one of my favorite subjects lately, and I have been working diligently to improve my own.  It is not a complex subject; mobility is simply the ability to move.  As it relates to exercise, mobility is about the ability of every joint in your body to move through its natural range of motion.  Now, there are many, many joints in your body…somewhere between the mid 200’s to mid 300’s (the definition of “joint” is a bit fuzzy).  Most of those don’t need a lot of your attention. But before you stress your body with exercise, it is good to circulate a bit of synovial fluid (the stuff that lubricates joints) and wake up the millions of mechanoreceptors that live around your major joints…especially the ones you plan on taxing during your workout.

I have many tight and not so smoothly moving areas that I like to focus on, but the one area I’d like to talk about at length here, because I am certain that we all share this issue, is the thoracic spine.

Think about your posture.  Adults with CF very commonly have poor posture, and most of us with poor posture know that it is a problem.  The causes of the problem are many.  First, we are getting older, and with age comes increasing reinforcement of poor movement patterns.  The body adapts perfectly to what is asked of it.  If you start slumping your shoulders when you sit at the computer, or drive, or breathe, the body decides this is the position it is to always assume. Second, with age comes bone loss (especially in CF), which can lead to osteoporosis and subsequent hunching of the upper spine (technically called kyphosis).  Finally, as breathing mechanics change with increasing lung disease, there is consequential structural alteration of the thoracic cavity that worsens kyphosis.

Why is this?  Because the body tries to offset or balance the  increased hunching (kyphosis) of the thoracic spine with an over-pronounced swayback of the lumbar spine, also known as lordosis.  This leads to pelvic and hip problems, and the result is a mess. Sounds bad, right?  It is, and the worst part is that all of this leads to a very common problem in adults with CF, back pain.  The picture below illustrates this problem.

The thoracic spine is actually supposed to be very flexible.  It is supposed to flex, to extend and to rotate.  In contrast, the lumbar spine is designed more for stability and less for flexibility.  Sadly, most people have this backwards, and tend to use the lumbar spine more than the thoracic and hips for bending and rotating.  This often leads to pain, and commonly to injury.  Because the thoracic spine in CF tends to be even more “frozen” in place because of the above-mentioned issues, pain is extremely common.

But wait, there’s more.  Pain is bad enough, but what is worse is that the combination of poor posture and pain leads to inhibited airway clearance, less expansion of lung tissue and deteriorating lung function. Stiff and unmoving thoracic vertebrae also increase the work of breathing (isn’t it hard enough?).  None of this is good.  Not good at all.

But here is the good news:  Some of the postural problems in CF can be corrected.  Those having to do with muscle  and soft tissue tightness are reversible!  Stiff joints can be mobilized with specific exercises and soft tissues can be stretched to allow for normal alignment and movement.

This is why at least 10 minutes of your workout should be spent waking up and moving your thoracic spine.  If you are like me, you literally need to teach your brain exactly where this part of your back is, and how to move it because of something called sensory-motor amnesia.  This is exactly what it sounds like:  When you don’t move a body part much, the brain 1) forgets where it is, and 2) forgets how to move it.

I’m Convinced.  What Should I Do?

First, take a breath and don’t panic.  Then, check with your doctor and make sure these are safe for you, especially if you have osteoporosis. Next, to get a rough assessment of the amount of kyphosis in your upper spine, do this test.

Lie down on your back with your feet on the floor, knees bent to about 90 degrees.  Now press your low back into the ground and keep it there as you do the following:  bring your arms up and over your head, keeping them straight with your biceps muscles close to your ears.  Don’t move into pain, but see if you can bring your wrists and back of hands to the ground above your head.  If you have normal thoracic mobility, this is a breeze.  If you can’t, you are like me and have some pretty stiff and sticky thoracic vertebrae.  The following exercises are for you.  If you can, and want to keep it this way, the following exercises are for you.

1)Spend quality time with your double tennis ball contraption (link) every day…before your workout as I discussed in the previous article, and also throughout the day, especially if you sit at a desk a lot.  If you are bigger and have more muscle mass, you might graduate to double lacrosse balls.  This is not in my future.

2) Roll your upper back with a foam roller.  As you do this, bring your hands behind your head and keep your elbows close together (this gets your shoulder blades out of the way).  Slowly roll up and down the spine, stopping at the neck above, and the lowest rib below.  Try to “curl” yourself around the roll by aiming the top of your head to the ground.  If you have tight spots that are slightly uncomfortable, spend some time there.

3) Get on hands and knees and push your butt slightly back toward your heels.  Now take one hand (for example, the right) and place it behind your head by bending your elbow.  Now, keeping your butt back, rotate your spine by reaching the right (bent) elbow toward your left knee.  Come back up and do this several times, slowly.  Repeat on the other side.

4) Stay on hands and knees, but  this time sit all the way back onto your heels.  Take right hand again behind your head, and now rotate it up, toward the ceiling, trying to open your chest to the ceiling as well.  Don’t move your butt–this is keeping the lumbar from moving, thus isolating the upper back.  Repeat on the other side.

The sensory-motor amnesia problem is a bit more complicated, but can also be remedied with some drills taken from a system called Z-health.  I am currently immersed in learning Z-health and will write more about it in future posts, but these are some basic exercises that will begin waking up and mobilizing the spine.  Try them and then retest with the “raising the hands over the head” exercise.  My bet is that it will improve.  I don’t start my workout until I can do this without discomfort (but it has taken awhile to get there).  Start slowly, but be persistent and patient.  Your spine and lungs (and posture) will thank you.

Step One of Perfect Workout: Rolling

In a previous post I discussed my version of the Perfect Workout, which consisted of eight steps.  The first step is to deal with soft tissue abnormalities that lead to pain and/or poor movement patterns.  Here, I discuss this further.

Unless you are a newborn, when you walk into a gym — quite a feat for a newborn — you are going to have some muscular tightness…some tension or “knots” in muscles that occur from chronic movement patterns that are less than ideal.  We all have less than ideal movement patterns.  This is not a judgment…it’s just a fact.

Those of us with chronic coughs especially develop tightness and tension in the thoracic spine, and neck.  Those who sit at work or at home at a computer for many hours a day can also develop muscular tension in the neck and back, as well as tightness in hip flexor muscles and hamstrings.  A good way to think about this is that over a long time sitting in a chair, your body tends to become “chair-shaped,” i.e. short and tight hamstrings and hips.  If that’s not scary enough to imagine (a chair-body), the ugly truth is that muscles don’t live in isolation from their neighbor muscles.  The entire soft tissue system (muscles, ligament, tendons and fascia) is all interconnected.  So a tight, knotted muscle in one area very definitely affects muscles, tendons, etc. both upstream and downstream from it.

This is why a knot in the middle of your back can cause pain all the way up into the back of your head.  Or in my case, this explains why spending a few minutes rolling the bottom of my foot around on a lacrosse ball can help me loosen up my ankles and calves.

So why do we care?  We care because it isn’t just that pain in one area leads to pain in another, but muscular weakness (resulting from those painful knotted tissues) leads to imbalance and weakness elsewhere, which leads to improper movement.  Somebody famous once said, “The body does what it does perfectly.”  So if the body moves imperfectly, it then perfectly continues to move imperfectly.  And if we, for instance, go for a walk or add resistance to imperfect movement, we solidify that pattern in our brains, and become nicely set up for injury…and more pain!

So what’s a (tight and knotted up) body to do? Well, before asking the body to work, it is nice to do whatever you can to lengthen and unknot the muscles that need attention.  This does not have to be a long process, and you don’t need to spend 30 minutes on your foam roller, thus using up your workout time allotment.

I have three favorite tools that I use for this purpose.  First, the aforementioned lacrosse ball is a must for my feet, and occasionally for very tight knots in my back.  If a lacrosse ball is too hard (and you will definitely know this), you can start with a tennis ball and move to a harder ball as your tissue gets more pliable and your nerve endings get used to the process.  For my feet, I simply stand up and put one foot on top of the ball and roll it around.  You will automatically gage how much weight to put on the rolling foot (by how much pain you can tolerate).  When I started this process, I could barely tolerate any pressure—I have very tight feet. But I persisted, 5 minutes every day.  After a couple of weeks, I didn’t mind it at all.  Now this actually feels good.  I don’t usually do this at the gym.  Instead, I have found that the easiest time to do it is when I do my treatment every morning.  It’s like giving myself a foot massage!  I also keep a lacrosse ball in the bathroom.  You figure it out.

The second tool I use is the foam roller.  You’ve probably seen these around.  Most are about six inches in diameter and about three feet long.  They are made of Styrofoam, and have lived in the gym scene for years now as a favorite instrument of torture.  I say this because they are used for “self-myofascial release,” a process that is slightly uncomfortable, especially when it is really needed.  I roll my calves, hamstrings, gluteals, and if I’m really feeling masochistic, my quadriceps over such a roller.  You will know what you need to roll by how painful it is.  The more it hurts, the more you need it.  You simply modify the move to a tolerable level of pain by taking some of the weight off the body part being rolled.  I generally spend five minutes or so rolling as the very first part of my workout.

Tool number three is a very expensive, intricate and complicated instrument.  Kidding.  It’s called a “peanut,” and is comprised of two tennis balls duct taped together to form a peanut-shaped duo.  This handy little tool sets my thoracic spine back to where it’s supposed to live every single day.  The maneuver is simply to place the peanut on the floor under your lower ribcage, and lay back on it so that the groove in the peanut is directly under your spine.  This places each ball of the peanut perfectly under the bundle of muscles that lie adjacent to your spinal column.  You simply roll back and forth on the peanut several times in the position, then move it up the spine about an inch and repeat.  Moving this way all the way up to the level of the big protuberant bone at the bottom of your neck takes only a couple of minutes, and is one of the best things you can do for knots along the spine as well as mobility of the spine (to be discussed in a later post).

That’s it!  Soft tissue rolled out…now it’s time to move on to mobility work.

The Perfect Workout

 

After living 50 years as a fitness nerd, I have a few ideas about what constitutes a perfect workout for me.  Of course, this all depends on which “me” shows up to exercise that day.  Is it the “feeling great” me, the “getting back up on my horse after a round of IV’s” me, or the “not exactly sick, but not feeling at my peak” me?  The right workout for each situation will be vastly different, but the basic constituents of the hour or so at the gym are the same.

Is there a “perfect workout” for you?  Yes, but I guarantee it is unique to you, and unique to you on this particular day.  From the 10,000 ft point of view, the “perfect workout” is the one that you will do, consistently, and if not enjoy, at least not abhor. It should leave you feeling tired in a good way, so that you know you did some work, but not so exhausted that you dread the next encounter with your inner athlete.  And if you live with CF or some other chronic illness that waxes and wanes, the perfect workout is a moving target. Some days, 20 minutes on the elliptical is the right amount, while other days, 5 minutes on the stationary bike is what your body needs.  On really awesome days, a 5-mile hike in the woods fits the bill perfectly.

But whatever state your body is in, the components of each workout should be the same, modified to suit your body, with its particular issues.  Each component is important, and the order that you complete each component matters.  I’m going to run briefly through each, and offer some suggestions for specific exercises that work for me and might also benefit you.

The order is as follows:

soft tissue work

mobility exercises

corrective exercises or “pre-hab”

movement preparation or active stretching

strength training

cardio or “metabolic conditioning”

stretching (passive)

nutrition

 

Yes, I put nutrition in there at the end, because at least for me, it is vitally important to feed my muscles nutritious food including both carbs and protein very soon after exercise.  Experts say a ratio of 4:1 carbohydrate to protein is what you should shoot for.  You can do this very easily by drinking some chocolate milk, or eating a peanut butter sandwich.  It doesn’t have to be complicated, but it does have to happen.

So, let’s go through the actual workout.

Soft Tissue:

This consists of a:bout 10 minutes of foam rolling or using a tennis or lacrosse ball in areas of muscle and connective tissue that is excessively tight.  You know an area needs to be rolled when it is uncomfortable to do so.  If you don’t feel discomfort, you are good to go on to the next spot.  I generally start with a ball to my feet (ouch), and then go to the foam roller for calves, hamstrings and glutes.   I then flip over and do my quadriceps.  Then I take out the magic “peanut,” my extremely complicated and expensive device that I now absolutely cannot live without.  With this, all my tension dissipates from my back, as it remembers how to extend after my day of sitting, coughing, and typing. That’s it!

As I said, I’m fifty.  I have accumulated a lot of tight areas.  You may not need this much, or you may need more.  Only you will know, by trial and error.

Mobility Exercises:

This is also not complicated and we are talking about joints here. Having good mobility simply means that you are able to take each joint through its natural range of motion.  Each joint is different, of course.  The knee joint shouldn’t be able to traverse a circle, while the ankle joint should (ha…tell that to my ankles!).  Take a survey of your body.  You will be able to tell which joints are tight.  Work on those.  Also, do some range of motion in the joints that you intend to use in your workout.

Corrective Exercises:

These are also referred to as “pre-hab” exercises, presumably because if you do them, you won’t ultimately require “rehab” exercises.  Simply put, the idea is to strengthen weak areas that contribute to unhealthy movement patterns or poor posture.  In my case, and likely in the case of anyone with CF, this is primarily my thoracic spine.  Lung disease and chronic coughing cause the biomechanics of the chest wall to get messed up (to use a technical term).  The result is the “hunched” back and rounded forward shoulders we commonly see in each other.  Corrective work for this focuses on opening the anterior chest and shoulders with active stretching, and strengthening the muscles of the back that pull the shoulder blades back and down.

Movement Preparation (AKA active stretching):

This is the “warm up” part of the workout.  The goal for this portion of time is to actively work the areas of your body that you are about to engage.  You slowly start asking more of the heart and lungs as you begin using large muscle groups in a similar way to what you are about to ask of them.  For example, if this is a leg workout day, you might begin with some lunges, or body squats and add in some walking hamstring stretches.  If you are going to focus on bench pressing, simply pressing a very light weight for a few sets of 5-8 would be a great warm up.  If you are going for a walk or jog, beginning to do that exercise at a slow rate for a few minutes is the way to go.  It all depends on what you plan to focus on that day.

Strength Training or Cardio (metabolic conditioning):

I put these in the same category because I would suggest focusing on one or the other during a workout.  You can do this by alternating lifting days with cardio days. Alternately, you can do both at the same time by doing weight training in a circuit fashion, with little rest between exercises.  My favorite way of doing this these days is with kettlebells, which I will discuss in another article.

The main thing to remember here is to start small and slowly progress as your body adapts to the challenge.  If you want to be able to run a 10K, that is awesome, and you can do it!  But start with walking/jogging intervals which feel like work, but also feel good!  There is no better way to sabotage yourself than to rush your body faster than it can go.  How will you know if you are?  You won’t want to keep doing it.  When you start dreading your daily jog, you know you are pushing too hard.  As you very slowly start adding time to your workout, or lesson the periods of rest (if you are doing intervals), you get stronger and stronger.

Stretching (Passive):

Ah…this is what you’ve been waiting for.  The end of the workout!  You’ve done your last set, or run your last interval.  You want to grab your stuff and go fall on your couch.  But wait!  There’s more…

This is the time to do just a little bit of flexibility training.  Your muscles are warm and pliable…a perfect set up for some passive stretching.  Passive stretching just means holding a muscle in the stretched state for about 20-30 seconds.  This is what we normally think of as stretching. Spend just 5 minutes stretching those areas on your body that tend to be tight.  You don’t need to go through a whole yoga series here.  You know what you need.  I almost always need low back and hamstring stretches at this point.  I also find that this is the perfect time to lay across the foam roller lengthwise (so it is under my spine from my head to my butt) and open my arms to the side and let gravity open my chest.  Some deep, meditative breathing in this position is the perfect way to conclude the workout.

And before you hit the couch, don’t forget to eat!

 

 

 

 

 

Almost Six Months Later….

Well, it has been a very long time, hasn’t it?  You may wonder where I’ve been…why no words of wisdom from the now 50-YEAR-OLD Julie?

The reason is that it has been a winter from Hell, and I will just leave it at that because my mother (RIP) always told me that if I didn’t have anything nice to say, I should just say nothing.

But, here I am, ready to begin this strange past-time of blogging again, wondering if anything will fall out of my brain.  I decided while on my walk today that I will begin by doing what is easy: posting what I have already written.  Lame, I know, but let me explain.

Two years ago, I decided I knew exactly what would be helpful to other adults with CF, and I set out to write it up.  I fondly titled this project my “CF Wellness Boot Camp.”  The idea stemmed from the fact that most people with CF, and certainly all adults with CF, are increasingly thrust into what I like to term “exacerbation exasperation.”  Say that five times as fast as you can.  You know the game:  you go about, living your life, doing what you do, feeling as good as you feel, and then WHAM, you are sick, need IV antibiotics, and essentially life must go on hold.  Your body-your master- revolts, and you are its slave.

Three weeks later (and can I just get a hand here for Western medicine?) you are better.  Your lungs are clear-or as clear as they get.  You now have enough energy to shower.  You look at your desk, your kids, your spouse/parter, your dog(s), your list of everything you were supposed to do back on the day before the aforementioned body revolt, the scale now reports that you are five lbs lighter…  You take this all in, and the only thing you want to do is crawl back under the covers.  Does this happen to you?  It’s all so overwhelming, this re-immersion into your life.  Whatever fitness progress you made before your illness is gone.  The stress of being completely knocked down is replaced with the stress of getting up.  At least, this has been my experience.

So, the plan for the Boot Camp was to outline a three-week plan (everything seems to come in blocks of three weeks) to begin anew and re-enter the world with some new, healthy habits to accompany those pristine (?) lungs.  So I put on my wellness coach hat and began to write.

This was quite a project for me.  I wrote for a couple of months until I was happy with the content.  I then began to research how to make it into an e-book, put it on the website, and, generally, do all of the technical stuff that one must do in such a project.  Roadblock.  Big time.  Julie is not “tech-y.”

Thank God for David Mahoney, though, because he really tried to help me.  I was just not able to keep the ball rolling, and the project sat for two years, lost but not forgotten, on my hard drive.

So that brings me to my walk this morning.  I want to blog again, so why not start by posting my 21-day plan?  Maybe when it’s all up, I’ll figure out how to bundle it into a pdf and send it out instead of the fizzled out newsletter promise in the opt in box?  Who knows?

So, as my favorite email come-on’s say, watch your inbox (for those who have opted in)!  Tomorrow we begin the CF WELLNESS BOOT CAMP!

To your health….

 

Chest Opening Stretches

Have you noticed those long, white, cylindrical foam things in your gym, and not known what to do with them?  One thing you can do is quite painful, but good for you, and will be the topic of a future video.  Today, I’ll show you a couple of lovely stretches to do as you lay over the foam roller.  These particular stretches are great for people with lung disease.  The more we can open our chest and anterior shoulder area, and keep from hunching, the more lung tissue is available for air exchange.

I do these after every single workout.  It’s sort of like a reward for working hard.  Spend at least 30 seconds per stretch, and if you have more time, even better.

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